Before leaving your country, you will need to secure a long-term "student" visa (more than three months). This is not required of European Union citizens.
Long-Term "Student" Visas
Long-term "student" visas can be applied for from the French Consulate closest to your place of residency. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Web site, contains a page indicating whether, depending on your nationality, you will need a visa, along with a list of the documents required of you. You may download the visa application form. All of the addresses for the visa departments are listed, as are the fees (€99 for the long-term visa). In most cases, you will need proof of registration in another establishment and proof of income equal to at least €430 per month.
The "student-competitive exam" visa
Depending on your goal, you may simply need a short-term "student-competitive exam" visa, designed for students whose firm enrolment in a French learning institution is dependent on his passing an interview, examination or entrance exam. This visa also carries a fee: €35.
Tip: Complete the Procedures Prior to Departure
A long-term visa is required if you wish to receive a temporary residency permit, making your status as a foreigner in France legal. It is impossible to achieve this once in France, if you hold only a short-term (tourist) visa.